Chemistry

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every section of 8462

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1. 3Working scientifically

   Scientific thinking, experimentation, evaluation and communication required throughout the course.

   • WS1Development of scientific thinking
   • WS2Experimental skills and strategies
   • WS3Analysis and evaluation
   • WS4Scientific vocabulary, quantities and units

2. 4.1Atomic structure and the periodic table

   What atoms are made of, how the model of the atom was worked out from evidence, and how the periodic table arranges the elements so their behaviour can be predicted.

   • 4.1.1A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes
     • GCSE Chemistry: Atoms, elements and compounds11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Electronic structure5 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Mixtures10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Relative atomic mass8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Relative electrical charges of subatomic particles9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Size and mass of atoms12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The development of the model of the atom (common content with physics)12 cards
   • 4.1.2The periodic table
     • GCSE Chemistry: Development of the periodic table7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Group6 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Group6 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Group11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Metals and non-metals8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The periodic table8 cards
   • 4.1.3Properties of transition metals (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Comparison with Group 1 elements10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Typical properties9 cards

3. 4.2Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter

   The three kinds of chemical bond, the structures they build, and how those structures explain the physical properties of ionic compounds, molecules, polymers, metals and the forms of carbon.

   • 4.2.1Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic
     • GCSE Chemistry: Chemical bonds9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Covalent bonding12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Ionic bonding12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Ionic compounds12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Metallic bonding8 cards
   • 4.2.2How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances
     • GCSE Chemistry: Giant covalent structures9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Metals as conductors7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Polymers8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Properties of ionic compounds11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Properties of metals and alloys10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Properties of small molecules9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: State symbols11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The three states of matter12 cards
   • 4.2.3Structure and bonding of carbon
     • GCSE Chemistry: Diamond9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Graphene and fullerenes12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Graphite9 cards
   • 4.2.4Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Sizes of particles and their properties11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Uses of nanoparticles9 cards

4. 4.3Quantitative chemistry

   Measuring and calculating in chemistry: conservation of mass, relative formula mass, moles, concentrations, yields and gas volumes.

   • 4.3.1Chemical measurements, conservation of mass and the quantitative interpretation of chemical equations
     • GCSE Chemistry: Chemical measurements7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Conservation of mass and balanced chemical equations10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Mass changes when a reactant or product is a gas9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Relative formula mass12 cards
   • 4.3.2Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances
     • GCSE Chemistry: Amounts of substances in equations10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Concentration of solutions9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Limiting reactants8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Moles11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Using moles to balance equations8 cards
   • 4.3.3Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Atom economy10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Percentage yield10 cards
   • 4.3.4Using concentrations of solutions in mol/dm³ (chemistry only, HT only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Using concentrations of solutions in mol/dm310 cards
   • 4.3.5Use of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases (chemistry only, HT only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Use of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases10 cards

5. 4.4Chemical changes

   Reactions of metals and acids, the reactivity series, how metals are extracted, and electrolysis.

   • 4.4.1Reactivity of metals
     • GCSE Chemistry: Extraction of metals and reduction10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Metal oxides8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The reactivity series12 cards
   • 4.4.2Reactions of acids
     • GCSE Chemistry: Neutralisation of acids and salt production12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Reactions of acids with metals10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Soluble salts10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Strong and weak acids11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The pH scale and neutralisation11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Titrations10 cards
   • 4.4.3Electrolysis
     • GCSE Chemistry: Electrolysis of aqueous solutions12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Electrolysis of molten ionic compounds11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Representation of reactions at electrodes as half equations12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The process of electrolysis11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Using electrolysis to extract metals11 cards

6. 4.5Energy changes

   Where the energy in a reaction comes from and goes to: exothermic and endothermic changes, reaction profiles, bond energies, and cells and fuel cells.

   • 4.5.1Exothermic and endothermic reactions
     • GCSE Chemistry: Energy transfer during exothermic and endothermic reactions12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Reaction profiles11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The energy change of reactions10 cards
   • 4.5.2Chemical cells and fuel cells (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Cells and batteries10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Fuel cells12 cards

7. 4.6The rate and extent of chemical change

   How fast reactions go and why, and how far reversible reactions proceed: rates, collision theory, catalysts and dynamic equilibrium.

   • 4.6.1Rate of reaction
     • GCSE Chemistry: Calculating rates of reactions11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Catalysts10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Collision theory and activation energy10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Factors which affect the rates of chemical reactions11 cards
   • 4.6.2Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium
     • GCSE Chemistry: Energy changes and reversible reactions6 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Equilibrium6 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Reversible reactions7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The effect of changing concentration9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The effect of changing conditions on equilibrium8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The effect of pressure changes on equilibrium10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: The effect of temperature changes on equilibrium9 cards

8. 4.7Organic chemistry

   Carbon compounds from crude oil: alkanes, cracking and alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids, and the polymers made from them or found in living things.

   • 4.7.1Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock
     • GCSE Chemistry: Cracking and alkenes11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Fractional distillation and petrochemicals10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Properties of hydrocarbons10 cards
   • 4.7.2Reactions of alkenes and alcohols (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Alcohols12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Carboxylic acids12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Reactions of alkenes10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Structure and formulae of alkenes11 cards
   • 4.7.3Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Addition polymerisation11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Amino acids11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Condensation polymerisation10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and other naturally occurring polymers12 cards

9. 4.8Chemical analysis

   Telling substances apart: purity and formulations, chromatography, tests for gases, and identifying ions by flame tests, precipitation and spectroscopy.

   • 4.8.1Purity, formulations and chromatography
     • GCSE Chemistry: Chromatography11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Formulations10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Pure substances9 cards
   • 4.8.2Identification of common gases
     • GCSE Chemistry: Test for carbon dioxide8 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Test for chlorine7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Test for hydrogen7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Test for oxygen6 cards
   • 4.8.3Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means (chemistry only)
     • GCSE Chemistry: Carbonates7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Flame emission spectroscopy10 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Flame tests12 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Halides9 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Instrumental methods7 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Metal hydroxides11 cards
     • GCSE Chemistry: Sulfates9 cards

10. 4.9Chemistry of the atmosphere

    How the atmosphere reached its present make-up, the greenhouse effect and climate change, and the pollutants released by burning fuels.

    • 4.9.1The composition and evolution of the Earth's atmosphere
      • GCSE Chemistry: How carbon dioxide decreased10 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: How oxygen increased10 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: The Earth's early atmosphere11 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: The proportions of different gases in the atmosphere10 cards
    • 4.9.2Carbon dioxide and methane as greenhouse gases
      • GCSE Chemistry: Global climate change8 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Greenhouse gases9 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Human activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere10 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: The carbon footprint and its reduction9 cards
    • 4.9.3Common atmospheric pollutants and their sources
      • GCSE Chemistry: Atmospheric pollutants from fuels12 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Properties and effects of atmospheric pollutants9 cards

11. 4.10Using resources

    Using the Earth's resources sustainably: drinking water, waste water, extracting metals from low-grade ores, life cycle assessment, recycling, materials, and making fertilisers.

    • 4.10.1Using the Earth's resources and obtaining potable water
      • GCSE Chemistry: Alternative methods of extracting metals10 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Potable water12 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Using the Earth's resources and sustainable development11 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Waste water treatment11 cards
    • 4.10.2Life cycle assessment and recycling
      • GCSE Chemistry: Life cycle assessment10 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Ways of reducing the use of resources10 cards
    • 4.10.3Using materials (chemistry only)
      • GCSE Chemistry: Alloys as useful materials12 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Ceramics, polymers and composites12 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: Corrosion and its prevention12 cards
    • 4.10.4The Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers (chemistry only)
      • GCSE Chemistry: Production and uses of NPK fertilisers12 cards
      • GCSE Chemistry: The Haber process12 cards

12. MS / WSMaths and working scientifically

    Published AQA 8462 mathematical requirements and working-scientifically skills; reviewed during the Quest pilot.

13. 4.11Key ideas

    Atomic models, electron interactions and energy conservation connect chemical explanations.

    • 4.11-overviewKey ideas

14. 7Mathematical requirements

    The mathematical techniques explicitly required by this subject, with context-specific Higher extensions.

    • MS1Arithmetic and numerical computation
    • MS2Handling data
    • MS3Algebra
    • MS4Graphs
    • MS5Geometry and trigonometry

15. 8Practical assessment

    Required apparatus techniques and the specified practical investigations.

    • 8.1Use of apparatus and techniques
    • 8.2Required practical activities