AQA · Chemistry · 8462
GCSE Chemistry: The Haber process
Using resources · AQA GCSE Chemistry (8462), specification point 4.10.4.1. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "The Haber process", and every card links back to the page it came from. Separate science only. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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What product is manufactured by the Haber process?
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Ammonia (NH₃), which is used to make nitrogen-based fertilisers.
What are the two raw materials for the Haber process?
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Nitrogen and hydrogen.
What is the source of nitrogen for the Haber process?
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The air (fractional distillation of liquefied air).
What is the source of hydrogen for the Haber process?
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Natural gas (methane), reacted with steam.
The Haber process uses a catalyst of ?.
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iron
What temperature is used in the Haber process?
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About 450 °C.
What pressure is used in the Haber process?
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About 200 atmospheres.
Write the word equation for the Haber process.
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nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia (a reversible reaction).
How is ammonia separated from the gas mixture in the Haber process?
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The mixture is cooled; ammonia liquefies and is removed.
What happens to unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen in the Haber process?
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They are recycled back into the reactor.
Why is 450 °C used in the Haber process rather than a lower temperature?
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It is a compromise: a lower temperature gives more ammonia at equilibrium (the forward reaction is exothermic) but the rate would be too slow.
Why is 200 atmospheres used in the Haber process rather than a higher pressure?
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Higher pressure would give more ammonia and a faster rate, but the equipment and energy costs would be too high — 200 atm is the economic compromise.
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