AQA · Chemistry · 8462
GCSE Chemistry (AQA): The Haber Process
Topic 10 — Using Resources. Generated from the caption track of Cognito's lesson video "GCSE Chemistry - The Haber Process Explained (2026/27 exams)"; each card deep-links to the moment in the video it came from. Lesson 10.12 of Cognito's AQA GCSE Chemistry (Triple) course (Higher tier), filed under AQA Chemistry 8462. Teaching by Cognito — https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c2-gcse-aqa-h-t_10.12.
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Why does high pressure increase the equilibrium yield of ammonia?
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There are fewer gas molecules on the product side, so high pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right.
Which catalyst is used in the Haber process?
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Iron.
What limits how high the pressure in the Haber process can be made?
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Practical considerations — high pressures are very expensive to maintain and dangerous.
What pressure is used in the Haber process?
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200 atmospheres.
Where is the hydrogen for the Haber process obtained from?
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From hydrocarbons such as methane (natural gas).
What temperature is used in the Haber process?
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450 °C — a compromise between a good rate and an acceptable yield.
What is ammonia from the Haber process mainly used to make?
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Nitrogen-based fertilisers, which allow us to grow enough food.
Which two gases are the reactants in the Haber process?
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Nitrogen and hydrogen.
How is ammonia separated from unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen?
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The mixture is cooled in a condenser; ammonia has a higher boiling point than N₂ and H₂, so it condenses to a liquid while they stay gaseous.
Why would a lower temperature increase the yield of ammonia?
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The forward reaction is exothermic, so a lower temperature shifts the equilibrium towards the products.
The forward reaction of the Haber process is ?, and the reaction is reversible.
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exothermic
Where is the nitrogen for the Haber process obtained from?
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From the air, which is 78% nitrogen.
Why is 450 °C used rather than a lower temperature in the Haber process?
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It is a compromise: the yield is lower, but the rate of reaction is much higher (and heating costs are kept down).
What happens to the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen after the condenser?
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They are recycled back into the reaction vessel.
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