AQA · Chemistry · 8462
GCSE Chemistry (AQA): Formation of Ions
Topic 1 — Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table. Generated from the caption track of Cognito's lesson video "GCSE Chemistry - Formation of Ions - Electrons | Charge | Equations (2027/28 exams)"; each card deep-links to the moment in the video it came from. Lesson 2.01 of Cognito's AQA GCSE Combined Science (Trilogy) and Chemistry course (Higher tier), filed under AQA Chemistry 8462. Teaching by Cognito — https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c2-gcse-aqa-h-c_2.01.
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What charge do group 2 ions have?
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2+ — they lose two outer electrons.
Write the half equation for oxygen atoms forming oxide ions.
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O + 2e⁻ → O²⁻
What charge do group 7 ions have?
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1- — they gain one electron to fill the outer shell.
What is an ion?
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A charged particle — either a single atom (e.g. Na+) or a group of atoms (e.g. OH-).
In a half equation, which side is the electron written on when an atom forms a positive ion?
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The right-hand side, because the electron is lost.
Why do atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions?
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To achieve a full outer shell, which makes them more stable.
Why are elements in groups 3, 4 and 5 rarely seen as ions?
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They would have to lose or gain three or four electrons, which requires far too much energy.
What charge do group 1 (alkali metal) ions have?
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1+ — they lose their single outer electron.
Write the half equation for magnesium forming its ion.
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Mg → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻
In the periodic table, the group number tells you how many ? an atom has in its outermost shell.
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electrons
What charge do group 6 ions have?
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2- — they gain two electrons to fill the outer shell.
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