AQA · Chemistry · 8462
GCSE Chemistry: The three states of matter
Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter · AQA GCSE Chemistry (8462), specification point 4.2.2.1. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "The three states of matter", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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What are the three states of matter?
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Solid, liquid and gas.
At what temperature do melting and freezing take place?
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At the melting point.
Boiling and condensing take place at the ?.
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boiling point
How are particles represented in the simple particle model of matter?
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As small solid spheres.
What determines the amount of energy needed to change a substance's state?
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The strength of the forces between the particles of the substance — stronger forces need more energy.
How does the strength of forces between particles affect melting and boiling points?
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The stronger the forces between the particles, the higher the melting point and boiling point.
What determines the nature of the particles in a substance?
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The type of bonding and the structure of the substance.
Why is it a limitation that the simple particle model has no forces between particles?
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Because changes of state actually depend on the strength of forces between particles, so the model cannot explain why different substances melt or boil at different temperatures.
Name one limitation of representing particles as solid spheres in the simple particle model.
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Real particles are not all spheres (and are not solid) — e.g. molecules have different shapes, and atoms are mostly empty space.
Does an individual atom have the bulk properties of a material (e.g. melting point)?
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No — bulk properties such as melting point arise from many particles and the forces between them, not from a single atom.
A substance has a melting point of 50 °C and a boiling point of 120 °C. What state is it at 80 °C?
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Liquid — 80 °C is above the melting point but below the boiling point.
Which process is the reverse of condensing?
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Boiling (liquid → gas); condensing is gas → liquid.
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