AQA · Geography · 8035
GCSE Geography: Statistical skills
Geographical skills · AQA GCSE Geography (8035), specification point 3.4.4. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Statistical skills", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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Name the three main measures of central tendency.
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Mean, median and mode.
How is the inter-quartile range (IQR) calculated?
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Upper quartile minus lower quartile (Q3 − Q1). It shows the spread of the middle 50% of the data.
What is the modal class of a grouped data set?
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The class interval (group) that contains the most values, i.e. has the highest frequency.
What is the formula for percentage increase or decrease?
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(Change ÷ original value) × 100.
What does it mean if a value lies at the 90th percentile?
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90% of the values in the data set are at or below it.
Data that records two variables for each item (e.g. distance from CBD and land value) is called ? data.
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bivariate
Which graph is used to show a relationship in bivariate data?
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A scatter graph (scatter plot), usually with a line of best fit added.
What is the difference between interpolation and extrapolation?
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Interpolation estimates a value within the range of the plotted data; extrapolation extends the trend beyond the data range, which is less reliable.
Why is extrapolating a trend line less reliable than interpolating?
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It assumes the trend continues beyond the data actually collected, which may not be true.
Give one weakness of selective presentation of statistical data.
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Choosing only data, time periods or scales that support a particular view (e.g. a truncated y-axis) can mislead the reader.
Which measure of spread is found by subtracting the smallest value from the largest?
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The range.
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