GCSE Geography: Urban issues and challenges

Urbanisation, megacities, squatter settlements in NEEs, UK urban change and sustainable cities.

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Define urbanisation.
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The increase in the proportion of a country's population living in towns and cities.
Where is the rate of urbanisation fastest?
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In low-income countries (LICs) and newly emerging economies (NEEs).
Give two push factors that drive rural–urban migration.
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Any two of: poverty, drought, crop failure, lack of services.
Give two pull factors that attract people to cities.
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Any two of: jobs, healthcare, education, perceived better quality of life.
A ? is an urban area with more than 10 million people.
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megacity
What are squatter settlements in fast-growing NEE cities called in Brazil?
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Favelas (or slums).
What is a site-and-service scheme?
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A strategy where residents are given materials and basic services to upgrade their own homes in squatter settlements.
Give two problems that urban change creates in HIC cities.
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Any two of: inequality between rich and poor areas, urban sprawl onto greenfield land, decline of inner-city industrial areas.
What is urban regeneration?
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The reuse of derelict brownfield sites, such as redeveloping old industrial areas.
Define a sustainable city.
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A city that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Why does efficient public transport contribute to urban sustainability?
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It cuts car use and air pollution.

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