AQA · Biology · 8461
GCSE Biology: Genetic engineering
Inheritance, variation and evolution · AQA GCSE Biology (8461), specification point 4.6.2.4. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Genetic engineering", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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Define genetic engineering.
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Modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic.
Which useful human substance do genetically engineered bacteria produce to treat diabetes?
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Human insulin.
Give two characteristics crops have been genetically engineered to have.
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Resistance to disease, and bigger/better fruits (also insect and herbicide resistance).
Crops whose genes have been modified by genetic engineering are called ? crops.
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genetically modified (GM)
What effect does genetic modification generally have on crop yields?
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GM crops generally show increased yields.
Name one environmental concern about growing GM crops.
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Their effect on populations of wild flowers and insects.
What health-related objection do some people raise about GM crops?
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That the effects of eating GM crops on human health have not been fully explored.
What is modern medical research exploring genetic modification to overcome?
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Some inherited disorders.
In genetic engineering, what is used to isolate the required gene?
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Enzymes.
Name the two types of vector usually used in genetic engineering.
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A bacterial plasmid or a virus.
What is the role of the vector in genetic engineering?
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It carries the isolated gene and inserts it into the required cells.
Why are genes transferred to cells at an early stage of an organism's development?
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So the organism develops with the desired characteristics in all its cells.
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