AQA · Biology · 8461
GCSE Biology: Plant organ system
Organisation · AQA GCSE Biology (8461), specification point 4.2.3.2. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Plant organ system", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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Which three organs form the plant organ system for transport?
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The roots, stem and leaves.
By what process do root hair cells take up water?
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Osmosis.
By what process do root hair cells absorb mineral ions?
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Active transport — the ions move against their concentration gradient, so energy is needed.
What does xylem tissue transport, and in which direction?
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Water and mineral ions, from the roots up to the stems and leaves.
Xylem is composed of hollow tubes strengthened by ?.
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lignin
What is the transpiration stream?
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The continuous movement of water through the xylem from the roots to the leaves, where it evaporates.
What is the role of stomata and guard cells?
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To control gas exchange and water loss.
What does phloem tissue transport?
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Dissolved sugars, from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage.
The movement of food molecules through phloem tissue is called ?.
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translocation
How does cell sap move from one phloem cell to the next?
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Through pores in the end walls of the elongated phloem cells.
How can the rate of transpiration be measured experimentally?
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By measuring the rate of water uptake by the plant (e.g. with a potometer).
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