AQA · Biology · 8461
GCSE Biology: Discovery and development of drugs
Infection and response · AQA GCSE Biology (8461), specification point 4.3.1.9. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Discovery and development of drugs", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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From which plant does the heart drug digitalis originate?
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Foxgloves.
From which plant does the painkiller aspirin originate?
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Willow.
Who discovered penicillin?
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Alexander Fleming, from the Penicillium mould.
Penicillin was discovered from the ? mould.
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Penicillium
Where are most new drugs made today?
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They are synthesised by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry, though the starting point may still be a chemical extracted from a plant.
Why must new drugs be tested and trialled before use?
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To check that they are safe and effective.
Name the three things new drugs are tested for.
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Toxicity, efficacy and dose.
What is preclinical drug testing carried out on?
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Cells, tissues and live animals, in a laboratory.
Who takes part in clinical trials of a new drug?
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Healthy volunteers and patients.
What dose of a drug is given at the start of a clinical trial?
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A very low dose, to check the drug is safe before larger doses are trialled.
What is the purpose of the later clinical trials once a drug is shown to be safe?
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To find the optimum dose for the drug.
In double blind trials, some patients are given a ?.
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placebo
What must happen before the results of drug trials are published?
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They must be scrutinised by peer review.
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