AQA · Geography · 8035
GCSE Geography: Tectonic hazards
Living with the physical environment · AQA GCSE Geography (8035), specification point 3.1.1.2. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Tectonic hazards", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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What theory explains the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
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Plate tectonics theory — the Earth's crust is split into plates whose movement at their margins causes earthquakes and volcanic activity.
Name the three types of plate margin.
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Constructive, destructive and conservative.
Where are most earthquakes and volcanic eruptions found globally?
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Along plate margins, in narrow belts (e.g. the Pacific 'Ring of Fire').
What is a primary effect of a tectonic hazard?
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An effect caused directly by the event itself, e.g. buildings collapsing or deaths from ground shaking.
What is a secondary effect of a tectonic hazard?
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An effect that happens as a consequence of the primary effects, e.g. fires, landslides, tsunamis or disease outbreaks.
What is an immediate response to a tectonic hazard?
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Action taken in the hours and days after the event, e.g. search and rescue, emergency shelter, food and medical aid.
What is a long-term response to a tectonic hazard?
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Action taken over months and years afterwards, e.g. rebuilding infrastructure, improving building codes and restoring the economy.
Which difference between two areas is used to compare the effects of a tectonic hazard?
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Contrasting levels of wealth — richer areas usually suffer fewer deaths and respond faster because they can afford stronger buildings and better emergency services.
The four ways management can reduce tectonic hazard risk are monitoring, prediction, protection and ?.
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planning
What does 'monitoring' a tectonic hazard involve?
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Using scientific equipment (e.g. seismometers, gas sensors, tiltmeters) to detect warning signs of an eruption or earthquake.
What does 'protection' mean in tectonic hazard management?
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Designing buildings and defences to withstand the hazard, e.g. earthquake-resistant buildings or lava diversion channels.
Why does volcanic ash encourage people to live near volcanoes?
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It weathers into very fertile soil, so farming near volcanoes is highly productive.
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