AQA · Geography · 8035
GCSE Geography: Coastal landscapes in the UK
Living with the physical environment · AQA GCSE Geography (8035), specification point 3.1.3.2. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Coastal landscapes in the UK", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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Name the three coastal erosion processes: hydraulic power, abrasion and which third one?
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Attrition — rock fragments knock against each other, becoming smaller and rounder.
What is hydraulic power in coastal erosion?
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The sheer force of waves crashing against a cliff, compressing air in cracks and breaking the rock apart.
The main coastal transportation process is ?.
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longshore drift
What are the two types of weathering that shape coasts?
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Mechanical (physical) weathering and chemical weathering.
Name three types of mass movement on coasts.
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Sliding, slumping and rock falls.
Which two coastal landforms form from erosion of a cliff base?
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Cliffs and wave-cut platforms — the cliff retreats and leaves a flat rocky platform at its foot.
What is the erosional sequence that produces a stack on a headland?
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Cave → arch → stack (the arch roof collapses, leaving an isolated stack).
Are spits and bars erosional or depositional coastal landforms?
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Depositional — they are built from sediment deposited by longshore drift.
Name two hard engineering coastal defences.
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Any two of: sea walls, rock armour, gabions, groynes.
Give an example of soft engineering used to protect coastlines.
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Beach nourishment/reprofiling or dune regeneration.
Managed retreat on the coast is also known as coastal ?.
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realignment
Are groynes hard or soft engineering?
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Hard engineering — man-made structures built across a beach to trap sediment moved by longshore drift.
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