AQA · Physics · 8463
GCSE Physics: Forces and elasticity
Forces · AQA GCSE Physics (8463), specification point 4.5.3. Cards are generated from the exam board's own specification for "Forces and elasticity", and every card links back to the page it came from. Specification © AQA — used with attribution.
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Why must more than one force be applied to change the shape of a stationary object?
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A single force would simply make the object accelerate (move); at least two forces are needed to stretch, bend or compress it.
What is the difference between elastic and inelastic deformation?
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Elastic deformation: the object returns to its original shape when the force is removed. Inelastic deformation: it does not return to its original shape.
How is the extension of a spring related to the force applied?
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The extension is directly proportional to the force applied, provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
What is the equation linking force, spring constant and extension?
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Force = spring constant × extension, F = k e.
The spring constant k is measured in ?.
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newtons per metre (N/m)
What does 'e' represent in F = ke when a spring is compressed?
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The compression of the object (the same relationship applies to compression as to extension).
What form of energy is stored in a spring that has been stretched or compressed?
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Elastic potential energy.
When is the work done on a spring equal to the elastic potential energy stored?
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Provided the spring is not inelastically deformed (i.e. stays within its elastic limit).
What is the equation for elastic potential energy stored in a spring?
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Elastic potential energy = 0.5 × spring constant × extension², Ee = ½ k e².
Up to what point is Ee = ½ k e² valid for a stretched spring?
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Up to the limit of proportionality.
On a force–extension graph, what does a linear region indicate?
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Extension is directly proportional to force — the spring obeys F = ke and the gradient gives the spring constant.
How do you calculate a spring constant from linear force–extension data?
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Divide the force by the extension: k = F / e (the gradient of a force–extension graph).
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